International banks serve a national or regional banks, providing services to their clients. Small banks are correspondents of the large banks for various services on international or domestic markets, primarily loans. Large banks, as smaller correspondents have access to regional markets.
Types of correspondent accounts
Correspondent accounts are divided into accounts, nostro and loro accounts. Nostro is an account opened in the name of the Bank in the Bank-the intermediary, or so-called correspondent Bank. And loro is an account opened in this Bank in the name of its correspondent Bank.
The basics of correspondent relations
In most cases on correspondent accounts pay no interest or a very low level. In addition, the banks provided, the fee for maintaining this account and making it operations. In this regard, banks prefer to keep on nostro accounts with minimum balances, seeking to place capital on world markets. To raise funds, banks have used a variety of schemes of placing of balances on correspondent accounts in the international currency markets.
However, banks must maintain a sufficient balance in the correspondent account to meet all possible claims. In cases where the account lacks the necessary funds, the Bank can provide to its correspondent short-term loan, so-called overdraft. It is logical to assume that the interest on this loan is quite high, and in some countries, the overdraft is prohibited by law.
The results for nostro and internal correspondent account are reconciled monthly. For this report, which reflects all non-matching amount for the two accounts. In the future they will be settled.
Valuation
The important point in the operations is such a thing as the value date. A record of the conduct of a particular operation in a particular day does not mean adding funds to the account of the owner in the same day. In this activity, the key point is valuation – an additional entry in the account on the date next to the amount held in the account statement. This means that the account holder can dispose of the sum received immediately, but the money become the property of the owner and accrue the respective interest on the day of valuation. If the account holder decides to dispose of the received monetary funds before the value date, it will make the excess of credit, for which he will be forced to pay a specified percentage of the lending Bank.
