You will need
- - work;
- - a sheet of paper;
- - handle;
- - a computer with a text editor.
Instruction
1
Read the job. Identify its affiliation to art or other literature. If you can see the artwork, the abstract should contain brief information about the author. Briefly write in what era he worked in what country, what language and what other works were written.
2
Write, what genre is this work. Determine the focus and theme. You can also specify, what the reader is addressed to the book. This is especially important for children's books and literature.
3
Review of the bibliographic description. If this abstract artwork, sketched its contents. The annotation preferred to be a method of elimination. So to begin, write about the book just as you would write a school essay.
4
Description will likely get more than you need. Abstract should not exceed 500 characters. Therefore, remove from it all unnecessary. There should not be the name of the author, Illustrator, editor, publisher and works. In some cases, the valid name of the author. For example, if a book composed of works by different writers or poets. In all other cases it is indicated in the bibliographic description. Get titles of sections and chapters. This is a potential reader will find in the table of contents.
5
Get the known facts. The abstract should not be expressions like "great Russian scientist" or "a famous author of detective novels". Remove large quotes. If possible, do without citation.
6
In the annotations to technical and scientific books avoid highly specialized vocabulary. Even the reader who has never encountered a problem, which is devoted to work, needs to understand what is said in the work. Briefly define what this work is. Write about the field of science or production, which can be used book.
7
Specify the difference of this book from others on the same subject. What is the novelty of the author's intention? How important to a particular industry questions are revealed? Did this author's other works on the same subject?
8
Specify what the purpose of this work. Tell us about the readership for which it is intended. It is also necessary to draw the attention of potential readers on the genre and type of publication. The latter is determined by the state standard. If the work was published before, provide the previous name and the availability of fixes and additions. It may be reprinted.
9
In the annotation to the scientific work you can cite information about the author. But this should be done only in the case when the author has the appropriate academic degree, is a recognized authority in this field. Abstract in scientific and technical books, and artwork, printed with red lines as continuous text.
10
The abstract is a required component of any scientific work, be it school essay or dissertation. However, in this case it is somewhat different from annotations in the book. For example a larger volume — up to 1500 characters. There are two languages — Russian and other European. Most often, it is English.
11
In these annotations, you must specify the foremost objective. Most often, the target definition is an augmented or extended title of the work itself. In this highly technical vocabulary should be enough.
12
Define the object and subject of research. The same object can be the subject of research for representatives of different Sciences. The object is that which surrounds the researcher. The subject identifies, from the point of view which branch of knowledge the scientist looks at the object. For example, the object may be the environment, but for the doctor, ecologist, or geographer, it will be different the subject of the study.
13
This abstract must be prepared according to specific requirements. As a rule, it is placed on the last two pages of the work, after the bibliography. It should also include an educational institution or scientific organization, author name, year, and year of writing.
