How to determine protein in the urine

Protein in urine (proteinuria) is the excretion of protein in the patient more than 50 mg/day. Proteinuria is the most constant and diagnostically important symptom of diseases of the kidneys and urinaryexcretory tract. Methods of determining protein in the urine can be divided into quantitative, semiquantitative and qualitative.

Instruction

1. Qualitative methods of protein determination in urine: method Geller, alloy with 20% sulfosalicylic acid solution, test with boiling. semi-Quantitative methods: the use of diagnostic test strips for the determination of protein in urine, the method of the Brandberg-Roberts-stolnikova. Quantitative methods: turbidimetric and colorimetric.
2. The main causes of protein in the urine: glomerulonephritis, renal amyloidosis, diabetic glomerulosclerosis, interstitial nephritis, pyelonephritis, urinarystone disease, kidney allograft rejection, lysozymuria (leukemia), Fanconi syndrome, intravascular hemolysis (hemoglobinuria) and others. The loss of a small amount of protein in the urine is possible even in a healthy person under the influence of many factors (physical strain, cooling, long-term sun exposure, tension, etc.).
3. At different times of the day there pronounced fluctuations in the level of proteinuria change in the protein concentration in the urine depending on the urine output, therefore, experts estimate the severity of proteinuria on quantitative urinary protein excretion per day, that is, determine the daily proteinuria. Measurement units - grams/day. If you are unable to collect all urine is recommended to determine the concentration of creatinine and protein in one portion of urine. Normal is the ratio protein/creatinine equal to 0.2 or less. Creatinine and protein measured in grams/liter.
4. Method of determining protein in the urine is performed in clinical diagnostic laboratories of virtually any medical facility. Knowing the protein concentration in grams per 1 liter and the volume of daily urine, you can determine the urinary protein excretion in grams per day (g/day). For diagnosis you need to re-research that is carried out for two weeks or more after receiving the first result of the analysis.
5. For research use morning portion of urine, which during the night is accumulated in the urinetion of the bladder of the patient. Before the collection of the analysis is necessarily performed hygienic toilet vulva. For the collection of used sterile, single-use containers for biological samples, which can be purchased at the pharmacy. For analysis going to an average portion of urine (first portion into the toilet, after 2 seconds it is necessary to use a container to collect urine to fill the container to 2/3 of volume, then the urinethe emission to continue into the toilet). The study is carried out in the laboratory within 1 hour after collection of urine. Before the study do not apply medicines, as some of them can affect the result of the biochemical examination of the urine. Transporterowych a urine sample at zero temperature.
6. Determination of protein in daily urine in a concentration of 0,033 g/liter or more is a pathology. Usually in the morning urine protein concentration of less than 0.002 g/l, and daily urine protein concentration is not more than 50-150 mg of protein.