There are civil, administrative and criminal law within which the investigation of the case. One of the stages of the judicial process is the trial. Meetings are held in accordance with the procedural code of a particular jurisdiction.
Hearing civil and administrative cases takes place with the obligatory notification of the parties. The parties are called by the summons, the failure of one of the parties may cause a postponement of the hearing. On the primary meeting, the case is considered by the judge unilaterally.
The primary meeting is preceded by a preliminary hearing at which the parties state their positions. From the court's attempt to resolve the conflict in the pretrial order. If the parties do not come to a compromise, appointed by the hearing.
On the appointed day the judge opens the session and announces the case that is subject to review. The court clerk shall report on the attendance of the plaintiffs, defendants and witnesses invited. The court is considering holding the meeting in the field, and, if in the opinion of the court lack some of the participants will not affect the course of the process, the session continues. All meeting shall be kept by the Secretary. The meeting also allowed to take notes. Witnesses should not be present in the courtroom until the moment will be called to testify.
Present at the meeting read out their rights and obligations. Before the proceedings, both parties can submit petitions on issues pertaining to litigation, and then actually starts the proceedings. The views of the parties may be attorneys or representatives of plaintiffs and defendants.
During the meeting in the hall to call witnesses, giving explanations on the facts of the case. After hearing the witnesses may remain in the courtroom.
After hearing the statement of parties ' positions, the judge offers to move on to the debate. During the debate, the plaintiff konkretisiert their claims, while the Respondent cites reasoned objections.
The judge fixes the views of the parties and is sent for decision. At the time of the decision is in recess. After the break, the judge read out the decision on the basis of the articles of the code.
The judge should apply "Your honor" or "Dear court." In the beginning of the meeting, at the entrance of the judge into the hall, and at the end, at the exit to the judges, all participants, including the Secretary, should stand. Standing speakers and all participants. Stand is necessary in any case, if you want to give a remark or reply to a court question. The court's decision, all participants listen to standing up.
In case of physical discomfort participant of the proceedings, the court may allow him to stay.
The decision of the court of first instance may be appealed to the cassation or appellate court and informs the judge after reading the decision.
Hearing civil and administrative cases takes place with the obligatory notification of the parties. The parties are called by the summons, the failure of one of the parties may cause a postponement of the hearing. On the primary meeting, the case is considered by the judge unilaterally.
The primary meeting is preceded by a preliminary hearing at which the parties state their positions. From the court's attempt to resolve the conflict in the pretrial order. If the parties do not come to a compromise, appointed by the hearing.
The algorithm of the hearing
On the appointed day the judge opens the session and announces the case that is subject to review. The court clerk shall report on the attendance of the plaintiffs, defendants and witnesses invited. The court is considering holding the meeting in the field, and, if in the opinion of the court lack some of the participants will not affect the course of the process, the session continues. All meeting shall be kept by the Secretary. The meeting also allowed to take notes. Witnesses should not be present in the courtroom until the moment will be called to testify.
Present at the meeting read out their rights and obligations. Before the proceedings, both parties can submit petitions on issues pertaining to litigation, and then actually starts the proceedings. The views of the parties may be attorneys or representatives of plaintiffs and defendants.
During the meeting in the hall to call witnesses, giving explanations on the facts of the case. After hearing the witnesses may remain in the courtroom.
After hearing the statement of parties ' positions, the judge offers to move on to the debate. During the debate, the plaintiff konkretisiert their claims, while the Respondent cites reasoned objections.
The judge fixes the views of the parties and is sent for decision. At the time of the decision is in recess. After the break, the judge read out the decision on the basis of the articles of the code.
The etiquette of the court session
The judge should apply "Your honor" or "Dear court." In the beginning of the meeting, at the entrance of the judge into the hall, and at the end, at the exit to the judges, all participants, including the Secretary, should stand. Standing speakers and all participants. Stand is necessary in any case, if you want to give a remark or reply to a court question. The court's decision, all participants listen to standing up.
In case of physical discomfort participant of the proceedings, the court may allow him to stay.
The decision of the court of first instance may be appealed to the cassation or appellate court and informs the judge after reading the decision.
