How to make acid

It is impossible to imagine any more or less serious chemical experiment in the absence of acid. Even getting carbon dioxide using soda can not do without it, not to mention more serious things. But despair not, if you cannot get you can make. For example, will produce hydrochloric acid.

You will need

You will need: water, salt, sulphuric acid concentrated. Equipment: two glass containers with lids, tube, or hose, a pot, a heating element (the plate), hydrometer.

Instruction

Take the lid from the first container and make a hole in it, insert it in the tube, it should fit snugly in this hole. The lid from the second tank too, hole, but this time the tube should enter into it freely, the necessary clearance. In a pan type normal water from the tap, she will play the role of a water bath. Pour into the second tank of distilled water (the smaller the quicker we get the acid concentration and reduce the ingredients) and cover with a lid.

Put a pot of water on the stove wait until the water becomes warm, then in the first vessel add salt and pour sulphuric acid in equal amounts. Start reaction with release of hydrogen chloride, immediately tightly close the container lid which is tightly inserted tube and place it in a water bath. The other end of the tube is placed in the hole of the lid of the second receptacle, so that it does not touch the surface of the water. The process has begun.

In the interaction of salt with sulfuric acid, a reaction takes place with evolution of gas of "hydrogen chloride" which enters the tube from the first container (reactor) to the second container of water. Further, the gas dissolves in water and forms hydrochloric acid. In the same volume of water can dissolve about five hundred volumes of hydrogen chloride. This gas is heavier than air and that leaving the tube falls down saturating and increasing the concentration of hydrochloric acid. A hydrometer tests the density of the solution.

Note

The manufacture of hydrochloric acid the process is not quite safe. Don't forget about protection equipment (gloves, glasses). A mixture of acid and salt should not exceed in height more than one third of capacity (the reaction mixture usprivacy begins to rise, don't let her get to the tube, reduce the temperature of the process). As Hermetica close the lid of the first container and preferably to do all this in a well ventilated area. Good luck.

Useful advice

For the purity of the process, it is desirable to have a glass pipe, U-shape, but in its absence you can use any rubber hose, though in this case the acid may collect impurities. Concentrated sulfuric acid can be obtained by evaporation of water from the car of the electrolyte. As the tanks it is convenient to use a pharmacy bottle on a drip from under of glucose, furatsilina etc.

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