The concept of "management" emerged in the late XIX-early XX century, the Group of advanced Western engineers organized a movement which was aimed at increasing productivity and improvement of social relations.
Management as a science studies the governance structures, systems of relations between workers, the mechanisms of these relations, the behavior of the employees and much more. The purpose of this science is the formulation and practical application of General management principles, which can be used in any field and in any enterprise.
The main goal of management is to organize the production of products and services, considering the needs of customers and using available resources (material and human), the achievement of profitability of the production process and a stable position on the market.
Management sets specific goals, develops activities to achieve them, identifies the interaction of departments of the organization makes the coordination of these interactions. This science also deals with improving the structure of the enterprise, optimizes decision-making processes, developing incentive systems, creates effective leadership styles.
Management as science works in the following way: the information is collected and performed the analysis. The findings are used for decision making. Next is the mandatory monitoring of the implementation of these decisions. Control is a critical function of management.
In management there are several scientific approaches to the management of firms. The traditional approach considers separately the production process, personnel, management system, motivation, etc., the Process approach provides for the development of algorithm of steering by the organization. Systematic approach reflects the work of the organization as a system with goals and objectives, achievements and results. Thus, the paper discusses the relationship between management and staff, customers and company, etc. the Situational approach requires changes in management practices depending on the situation in the organization. Analyzes all practical situations and the performance of the organization in each of them.
A competent leader is obliged to use in his work all the principles of management. He needs to see and understand the reasons why the actual achievements of the company do not coincide with the order. Manager must also be able to identify a core set of interrelated problems, to eliminate causal relationships in this area; to predict future events, to develop effective methods of strategic and operational management.