In humans there are two types of agglutinins α and β, and two kinds of agglutinogens A and B. Their various combinations to form a group: both agglutinin in the absence of the agglutinogens – group I and β – II and α – III, both agglutinogen in the absence of agglutinins IV.
Change of blood group
Blood – inherent characteristics of the organism. The production of corresponding agglutinins and agglutinogens encode genes, which are located on the long arm of chromosome 9.
Like any genetically predetermined trait, blood group cannot change during the life. However, sometimes you meet people that claim to have them changed. Very often say about pregnant women. Of course, one cannot rule out cases are not bona-fide work of the technicians who conducted the blood group, but sometimes errors are changes in the patient's blood.
The causes of errors in the tests
Blood group is based on the fact that agglutinin α glues red blood cells, containing agglutinogen a And β bonds V. the Blood of a patient sequentially mixed with serum containing α, β, and both agglutinin and look under the microscope, there will be agglutination of red blood cells or not, on this basis determine the presence or absence of certain agglutinogens.
In some diseases, as well as during pregnancy increases the number of red blood cells, the number of agglutinogens is reduced so that the adhesion of erythrocytes containing them, will not happen. In this case, the analysis will show the I blood group, although in reality the patient II, III or IV.
Some pathogens secrete enzymes that modify the molecular composition of the agglutinogens A, with the result that they become like, and then the analysis will show the III blood group is II. After recovery everything will be back to normal. Possible distortions and for cancer blood.
Thus, blood group for life can't change, but in some diseases and in pregnancy, there are conditions that make it difficult to establish blood groups and cause errors in the analysis.