What is the difference between a grant, a subsidy and a subsidy?

The budget system of the Russian Federation consists of budgets of three levels: Federal, regional and local. In accordance with the Budget Code of the Russian Federation, their filling is carried out, including at the expense of the taxes collected. But the Federal budget can allocate the budgets of other levels for more cash – transfers in the form of grants, subsidies and subventions.

Filling of budgets of the budgetary system of the Russian Federation

All the taxes collected from legal entities and individuals, go to the Federal Treasury. Part of the taxes are unregulated. They are in accordance with the BC of Russia are transferred either to the Federal or regional or local budget. The other part of taxes is regulated. They are in accordance with approved when adopting the budget percentages are distributed on two or on each of the three levels of the budget system.

Each of the three levels of budgets has its own sources of content. But if the Federal budget, in addition to taxes, do the other sum, for example, for the sale of raw materials, regional and local budgets are filled mainly by tax revenues.

In addition, the collection of taxes and their volume vary by region. In those regions where there are large enterprises-payers of taxes in the budgets a large amount, these regions are located in the Central part of the Russian Federation with developed industry and agriculture. But there are regions where taxes collected, but they are also, like others, in need of funds, to meet the needs of the people living in them.

Therefore, from the Federal or regional budgets allocated intergovernmental transfers – funds on a grant and irrevocable basis to another budget. The Federal budget provides the funds to the regional budget, and regional – local budget in need of them.

Intergovernmental transfers

Intergovernmental transfers are provided in the form of subsidies, subventions and subsidies. Subsidies will be granted without any conditions and purposes, these amounts budget-the recipient is free to dispose of at its discretion and to spend as it sees fit. Subventions are also made for conditions of gratuitousness and irreversible, but for a specific purpose. These amounts may be spent only on purpose and in a timely manner. Under these conditions the budget, the recipient must return the subsidy in the budget that it has allocated.

The terms of the grants, allocated for specific purposes, is the sharing of the budget of the recipient. Ie if, for example, the Federal budget allocates money to the regional budget for the construction of a transport hub, this facility is being built at the expense of means of the regional budget, and the subsidies received.

Thus, in contrast to subsidies, subventions and subsidies are targeted. Between subventions and subsidies vary a share in funding: subvention is 100% financing for a certain purpose, and the subsidy is only partial.